河源市高氟区改水降氟效果调查分析

Survey and analysis of water improvement to reduce fluoride in high fluoride areas in Heyuan city

目的 :通过对河源市各高氟区饮用水、灌溉水、土壤、稻谷氟含量的测定及 8～ 15岁儿童氟斑牙患病率的调查 ,评价改水降氟效果 ,为加快改水降氟步伐提供科学依据。方法 :水氟含量测定采用氟离子选择电极法进行检测 ,土壤氟测定用水浸 -电极法 ,稻谷氟测定用酸浸 -电极法 ;儿童氟斑牙诊断采用三型九度法。结果 :河源市高氟区经改水降氟后 ,水氟含量为 (0 .12± 0 .0 38～ 1.99± 3.97) mg/ L,较改水前有明显下降 ;但灌溉水、土壤及稻谷中氟含量均有部分超标 ,超标倍数范围分别为 0 .0 3～ 9.19、2 .5 8～ 12 .2 8、2 .79～ 8.72 ,超标率分别为 5 0 %、6 0 %、70 % ;通过 t检验或秩和检验 ,灌溉水与稻谷、土壤与稻谷中的氟含量比较均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。改水后 ,紫金、龙川、和平及东源 4县 8～ 15岁儿童氟斑牙患病率均下降 ,分别由改水前的 79.6 %、86 .1%、96 .7%、80 .8%下降到 37.6 %、5 6 .0 %、71.0 %、6 4 .2 % ,但源城区则没有变化 ,改水前后均高达 10 0 %。结论 :河源市各高氟区改水降氟有明显效果 ,但改水工作各地不平衡 ,改水年份差别较大 ,仍有部分镇、村饮水氟含量较高 ,氟斑牙患病率高居不下。

Objective To evaluate the effects of water improvement to reduce fluoride and provide scientific basis for further improving water project in high fluoride areas in Heyuan.Methods The fluoride content in water,soil, rice, were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode, water-soaking electrode and acid-soaking electrode respectively. Dental fluoride of children was examined according to the clinical diagnosis standard.Results After improving water to reduce fluoride, fluoride content in water varying from 0.12 to 1.99mg/l was lower than before, but the fluoride content in irrigative water, soil and rice partly exceeded the standard with arange from 0.03 to 9.19, 2.58 to 12.28, 2.79 to 8.72 respectively.The fluoride content between irrigative water and rice was statistical difference (P<0.05), so did between soil and rice. Dental fluorosis prevalence rates of 8～15 years old children were declined in Nongchuan, Heping and Dongyuan counties, which reduced from 79.6% to 37.6%, 86.1% to 56.0%, 96.7% to 71.0%, 80.8% to 64.2% respectively, but Yuancheng district didn't change.Conclusion Effect of water improvement to reduce fluoride in high fluorosis areas in Heyuan was obvious, but the project has existed disequilibrium and the time of improving water was very different, which resulted in high fluoride content in water and high dental fluorosis prevalence rate in children aged 8～10.