南京市区老年人膳食结构的调查分析

Survey on Dietary Pattern of the Elder in Nanjing

目的:了解南京市区老年人膳食营养状况和膳食结构模式。方法:采用连续3天24h回顾法获得食物摄入量。结果:南京市区老年人三餐热能早餐热能比(23.45%)偏低、晚餐热能比(36.07%)偏高;能量摄入量相对充足,平均达推荐营养素摄入量(RNI)的82.97%;多种维生素的摄入量不足,维生素B1、B2严重缺乏,分别占RNI的49.80%、52.05%;钙的摄入量严重缺乏,仅占适宜摄入量(AI)的36.73%;33.9%的老年人胆固醇摄入量超过AI标准;蛋白质来源合理,但摄入量不足;碳水化合物供热比(52.42%)较低,脂肪供热比(33.89%)偏高;铁来源于动物类食品比例(21.9%)较少;理想膳食模式(DDP)总分为84.0;老年男性的膳食营养状况优于女性。结论:南京市区老年人膳食结构不太合理,应加强宣传教育提高营养知识水平,合理调整膳食结构。

Objective: To investigate the dietary pattern of the elder in Nanjing. Methods: Dietary survey was conducted by 3 d 24 h dietary recall method. Results: The energy proportion for breakfast was lower(23.45%), and for dinner was too high. Various vitamin intakes were inadequate, especially for vitamin B1 and B2, which counted for 49.80% and 52.05% of RNI. Calcium intake was insufficient, only 36.73% of AI. The cholesterol intake(33.9%) for the elder exceeded AI. The protein source was suitable, but intake was insufficient. The energy from carbohydrate(52.42%) was lower , and from fat was too high(33.89%). Iron(21.9%) from animal foods was lower. The score of DDP was 84.0. Nutrient level in females was lower than that in males. Conclusion: The results indicate that the dietary pattern of the elder should be modified by strengthening nutrition education.