空调作业环境空气有毒挥发物污染及空气质量状况调查

Investigation of air quality and pollution of poisonous volatile compounds at air-conditioned environment

目的 了解空调作业环境空气污染状况及空气质量状况 ,为预防急、慢性职业危害提供参考。方法 随机选取空调作业生产线上使用工业有毒挥发物的作业点 ,按照有关工作规范 ,进行布点、现场数据记录、空气采集苯、甲苯等有机溶剂和甲醛、二氧化碳 (CO2 )等空气质量指标的样本。结果 工业有毒挥发物污染超标率为 40 9% ,其中上胶工种苯超标倍数最大 (10 5倍 )、印刷工种甲苯超标率最高 (73 9% ) ;空气质量指标中超标率较高的有甲醛 (5 0 0 % )、CO2(18 0 % )、一氧化碳 (12 5 % )、可吸入颗粒 (11 1% ) ,细菌总数相对污染较轻 ;微小气候中温度、湿度合格率高 ,仅有空气流速合格率为 5 4 2 %。结论 本次调查空调作业环境空气中工业有毒挥发物污染严重、空气质量欠佳 ,但空气中细菌总数污染相对较轻、微小气候较适。从总体上分析 。

Objective Make clear the air quality and pollution of poisonous volatile compounds at air conditioned environment and provide valuable information for prevention of occupational diseases. Methods Workplaces with poisonous volatile compounds on the production lines under air conditioned working environments were randomly chosen. Based on related criteria and guidance, monitoring points were determined, data were recorded and air samples were taken for examing benzene, methylbenzene,and air quality indexes such as HCHO, CO 2, etc. Results The investigation indicated that 40 9% of the points were exceeding GBZ2 2002, in which the concentration of benzene at the gluing post was highest (10 5 fold), while the exceeding rate of methylbenzene at the printing posts was biggest (73 9%). Some materials also exceeded the air quality criteria GB/T18883 2002, such as HCHO (50 0%), CO 2 (18 0%), CO (12 5%), and inhalable particles (11 1%). Pollution of airborne bacteria was not so serious, compared with the indexes above. The qualified rates of microclimate parameters such as temperature and humidity were high, but the qualified rate of air flow was only 54 2%. Conclusion The pollution of poisonous volatile compounds at air conditioned workplaces was serious, air quality was not good as well. The pollutions of air bacteria were light. The microclimates were good. Generally speaking, the air qualities of workplaces under air conditioned environment should be improved.