民族间农民生育行为的比较研究——来自湖北省418户农户家庭的调查

A Comparative Study on the Fertility Behavior of Peasants among Ethnic Groups

文章通过对湖北省400多个农户点面调查分析发现,随着时代变迁,受教育程度的提高,农民的婚育行为发生着显著变化。主要表现为初婚年龄明显反弹,婚育间隔明显缩小,而生育间隔则受计划生育国策影响一度出现“人为”缩短痕迹。但在经过一段时间适应后,生育间隔再度回归“自然”。尽管在许多方面,民族间的婚育行为比较一致,但也存在不少差异。主要表现在苗族、土家族等少数民族女性初婚年龄要显著早于汉族,而平均婚育间隔与生育间隔则长于汉族。教育对农民的婚育行为有明显影响,主要表现为初婚年龄随受教育年限的增加而明显推后,生育数量的期望明显减少。

Through the investigation on the 400 peasants in Hubei Province, we find that with the changes of time and the improvement of education, the fertility behavior of peasants has been changed significantly. The main findings are that (1) the age of first marriage is becoming younger evidently, (2) the time between marriage and bearing is shortened obviously, (3) the bearing interval has been shortened due to family-planning policy, and (4) after a period of time, the bearing interval turned to 'normal'. Although in many aspects, the marriage and fertility behavior are similar among ethnic groups, some differences still remain. First, the age of first marriage of Miao and Tujia people is earlier than Han, while their average interval of marriage and bearing is longer. For peasants of all ethnic groups studied, education has significant impact on the marriage and fertility behavior, their age of first marriage is not too young and the desired numbers of fertility decrease over time.