生态安全的涵义与尺度

The Meaning and Scales of Ecological Security

综述了生态安全的涵义与尺度。生态安全涉及自然和社会两方面,包括环境资源安全、生物与生态系统安全和自然与社会生态安全。生态安全有自然体系的生态安全和人类社会体系的生态安全两方面,每一方面包含了多重尺度。生态安全的空间尺度,从范围大小也可分成全球生态系统、区域生态系统和微观生态系统等空间若干层次的生态安全。生态安全的生物尺度对应了生物的不同层次,包括生物细胞、组织、个体、种群、群落、生态系统、生态景观、陆(地)海(洋)生态及人类生态。其中的任一生态层次出现损害、退化、胁迫,都可以说是该层次的生态安全处于不安全状态。不同层次的生物生态安全也往往是相互影响的,往往是低尺度的生态不安全,影响高尺度的生态不安全。

Ecological security deals with natural and social aspect,including environment and source ecological security, biological and ecosystem ecological security, and natural and social ecological security.Ecological security had natural system and social system which contains various scale.Space scale of ecological security can be divided into several scale, such as global ecosystem, regional ecosystem and microcosmic ecosystem. Biological scale of ecological security deals with biological cell, organization,individual, population, community, ecosystem, ecological landscape, terrestrial and oceanic ecosystem, and humankind ecosystem. The ecological security in this scale is not in secure state when damaging, degenerating, or impacting appears.The states of ecological security in various scales often interacts between each other.Generally,the state of ecological security in lower scale influences that in higher scale.