红树林滩涂海水种植-养殖生态耦合系统初步研究

Mangrove and Planting-aquaculture Ecological Coupling System

为探讨红树林对养殖水体的净化效应以及对养殖动物生长的影响,选择3种红树植物海桑Sonneratiacaseolaris、秋茄Kandeliacandel和桐花树Aegicerascorniculatum构建滩涂海水种植-养殖生态耦合系统。系统设置9个试验塘和1个对照塘,试验塘按45%、30%或15%的面积比例种植一种红树植物,对照塘不种红树植物,所有养殖塘均统一养殖美国红鱼Sciaenopsocellatus和星洲红鱼Labidochromisflavigulus。通过系统运行18个月的生态监测显示,海桑和桐花树生长较好,对环境的适应能力强,秋茄生长差,成活率低;红树植物对养殖海水具有净化作用,其中桐花树的净化效果最好,其次为秋茄;系统中鱼的生长状况与红树植物的净化效应密切相关,在种植桐花树的养殖塘美国红鱼和星洲红鱼生长快,秋茄养殖塘次之,海桑养殖塘的美国红鱼不及对照塘。初步研究结果表明,在红树林滩涂海水种植-养殖生态耦合系统中,桐花树具有推广示范价值;海桑应减少种植面积比例和单位面积种植密度;秋茄生长慢,适应性差,不宜推广。

In order to research the effect of mangrove planting in seabeach fishponds on water quality's improvement and farmed animals' growth, three mangrove plants,Sonneratia caseolaris, Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum, were chosen to construct planting_aquaculture ecological coupling system. The system consisted of 9 planting fishponds and 1 control fishpond. Every planting fishpond was planted with a species of mangrove plant with a planting_breeding area proportion of 45∶55, 30∶70 or 15∶85; in control fishpond there was no mangrove plant. Sciaenops ocellatus and Labidochromis flavigulus were raised in all fishponds by the same method. The results of survey on the system during 18 months after its operation showed that S.caseolaris and A.corniculatum grew well in the system while K.candel had a low survival percentage, and mangrove plants played an important role in improving water quality and enhancing fish's growth. In fishponds planted with A.corniculatum the water quality was the best and fish grew more rapidly than that in other fishponds. Fishponds with K.candel came the next, but in fishponds with S.caseolaris didn't grow as rapidly as in control fishpond. According to the preliminary study on the coupling system, it was suggested that the system be worthy of spreading in the areas suitable for mangrove's growth and A.corniculatum be the acceptable plant in the system, and for S.caseolaris the planting proportion should be reduced and the distance between plants should be enlarged; K.candel is not the appropriate candidate of plant in the system for its low growth and bad adaptability.