水稻无融合生殖的研究动态及其进展

ADVANCE OF APOMIXIS IN RICE

本文对水稻无融合生殖的意义、研究趋向及进展进行了评论。植物无融合生殖是生物学研究的新生长点,具有固定杂种优势、缩短育种周期、给常规育种带来革命等重要意义。世界上许多国家已十分重视植物无融合生殖研究,成立了国际无融合生殖研究协作网,把作物无融合生殖作为重点之一,但是国外尚未发现水稻无融合生殖材料,中国水稻无融合生殖研究者提出了固定水稻杂种优势的4个基本条件和策略,以多胚水稻为材料进行胚胎学、育种学、遗传学等一系列研究,发现了水稻无融合生殖现象,确定了不定胚起源,并且选育出一些新的无融合生殖材料。中国水稻无融合生殖研究具有许多有利条件,建议加强研究,侧重显性、专性无融合生殖材料的选育,结合开展一些无融合生殖的基础理论研究,必将推动水稻无融合生殖向前发展,实现选育无融合生殖品种和固定杂种优势的目标。

This is a review on apomixis in rice inclusing apomictic significance, research tendance and progress. Plant apomixis that is a new growing tip of biology possesses important significance in fixation of heterosis, shortening breeding period and revolutionizing conventional breeding. Research on plant apomixis has been emphased by many countries. The International Apomixis Research Networks (APONET) has been organized Crop apomixis is one of their four important research subjects. However, apomixis in rice has not been found outside China. Chinese scientists of rice apomixis put forward the suggestion of fixation of rice heterosis, four elements and selecting tactics. A series of studies by embryological, breeding and genetical method had been made in polyembryonic rice Ampoimtic phenomenon was found in rice, and the origin of edventitious embryony was determined. Morever, several new apomictic rice materials had been selected. Some information about first International workshop on apomixis in rice was introduced. Many conditions are favorable to chinese research on apomixis in rice. So some suggestions are put forward, such as enhancing study on apomixis, emphasing selection of dominant and obligate apomictic material and combination with research on some theoretical subjects. These efforts will push apomixis research on rice to realize the purpose of breeding apomictic cultivar and fixation of heterosis.