新型碳纳米材料在低温燃料电池催化剂中的应用

Application of Novel Carbon Nanomaterials in Low-Temperature Fuel Cell Catalysts

碳纳米管及其衍生纳米碳材料是一种介于富勒烯与石墨之间的碳的存在形式 ,具有独特的电子性质 .碳纳米材料可与其表面负载的金属活性相产生一种特殊的载体 金属相互作用 ;纳米管中电子转移的动力学行为极佳 ,并且其特殊的纳米级孔道结构有利于反应物及产物的传质 ,因此作为低温燃料电池催化剂载体备受关注 .综述了多种新型碳纳米材料如碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米盘、碳纳米角和碳纳米分子筛等在低温燃料电池催化剂中的应用 ,并对其存在的问题和可能的发展方向进行了讨论 .

Carbon nanotubes as well as other carbon nanomaterials are a kind of novel carbon form between fullerene and graphite. The special interaction between metal and carbon nanomaterial support originated from their unique electric property, the excellent electron transfer kinetics in carbon nanotubes, and the increase in reactant and product mass transfer owing to the special structure, make them attractive as potential electrocatalyst support for low-temperature fuel cells. The advances in application of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nano-molecular sieves, carbon nanocoil and single-walled carbon nanohorns, as supports of fuel cell catalysts, the application problems and some research trends were reviewed.