骨髓间充质干细胞的研究进展

Advance in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

骨髓间充质干细胞是存在于骨髓中的除造血干细胞以外的另一类具有多向分化潜能的干细胞。在一定的诱导条件下 ,这类细胞可定向分化为多种造血以外组织 ,特别是中胚层和神经外胚层来源的组织细胞。例如成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、腱细胞、肌肉细胞、神经细胞等。骨髓间充质干细胞具有贴壁生长的特性 ,在体外易分离和扩增 ,还易于外源基因的转入和表达 ,在人类医学上被认为是一种理想的治疗性细胞和基因治疗中的靶细胞。

Besides hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow contains another kind of stem cells called bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC) with multi-potential lineages. With special induced conditions, BMSC can be differentiated into many types of nonhematopoietic tissue cells. For example osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, tendocytes, myoblasts and neurocytes. BMSC can be easily separated from bone marrow and purified in vitro because of their adhesion to plastic. They also have the ability to express many extra transgenes in vitro or in vivo. So BMSC have been regarded as ideal stem cells in cell and gene therapy. In this paper, the advance in the research of BMSC and their clinical uses are reviewed.