车船装油过程油品蒸发损耗影响因素分析

Analysis of Effect Factors on Petroleum Products Evaporation Loss in Petroleum Products Filling Tank

根据油品蒸发损耗特点 ,建立汽油装罐蒸发损耗测试系统 ,实测并估算出各因素对装油排放的油气摩尔分数CH 及其平均值CH和油品蒸发损耗率 η的影响程度 ,并与各自理想最低值CH0 、CH0 、η0 作分析比较。结果表明 ,装油口相对位置比值λ、罐内气体空间初始油气摩尔分数C0 、装油速度U、系统温度t对油气摩尔分数CH (CH)和油品蒸发损耗率 η的影响都较明显。为降低油气损耗 ,减轻环境污染 。

A lab-sized test and evaluation system of petroleum products evaporation loss (PPEL) in petroleum products loading tank is built up with reference to field operation process and performance of PPEL. Taking gasoline for example, the vented gasoline vapor mole fraction C H and its mean value C H and the total evapo-ration lossage η in the entire course of loading gasoline are measured and calculated and compared with their theoretic minimum values C H0 ,C H0,and η 0 ,respectively. Some key effect factors on C H(C H) and η are analyzed and appraised. The results show that ratio λ of height of the exit of filling gasoline pipeline to tank height,initial vapor mole fraction C 0 in the tank gas space, speed U of filling gasoline,and temperature t of the system influence notably on C H (C H) and η,and the increasing grads of C H with the effect factors at the so-designed tests are about 0.198,0.167,0.211 (h·m -1 ), 0. 0189 (℃ -1), respectively. At the test of C 0=0 and λ=0.1, the mean vented vapor mole saturation ′/ ′ max is 0.5, which is lower about 0.25 than the ′/ ′ max which is total mean mole saturation at the whole tests of C 0 =0 and λ=0.8. At the whole tests of C 0=0,η=0.192%～0.661% and η 0 = 0.083%～0.229%,but at the test of C 0 =0.56 and λ=0.8,η=0.695%. So,the so-called PPEL is very seriously and harmfully,which will bring about hidden fire acci-dent, environmental pollution, waste and degradation of petroleum products, and so on. Last, some advice is given to lower PPEL.