制浆科学与技术的新进展

NEW DEVELOPMENT OF PULPING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

简述了近年来在制浆科学研究与技术推广方面的最新成就。其中在蒸煮方面主要推荐了间歇蒸煮的RDH技术和连续蒸煮的MCC与EMCC技术,这些技术都达到了降低汽耗和降低纸浆硬度的目的,使漂白的化学药品用量特别是氯的用量大大降低了,我国新建的大型浆厂多数已引进了这些技术,对原有大、中型浆厂的技术改造也有参考价值。超高得率浆的发展。特别是将成为九十年代新兴的超高得率APMP和EP更是引人注意的发展方向,国内外都已开始研究,并准备引入生产系统。高白度、无氯漂白系统已日益完善,各种少氯或无氯漂白流程已在国内外逐步引入生产系统。生物制化学浆或机械浆和生物漂白是边缘的、新兴的研究课题,有些结果已在生产上进行了试验,预计在不久的将来,将会得到很快的发展,这些都将为减轻浆厂的污染和节约能源作出重大贡献。现有制浆厂特别是小浆厂的污染相当严重,应当从根本上加以解决。即在没有条件进行碱回收的小浆厂应停止生产化学浆,可以改产超高得率浆,配以外购化学浆,仍可抄造中、低级文化用纸,这样可大大减轻黑液的污染,同时易于进行废水处理。漂白废水现在已经可以用微生物来降低AOX并进行充分的脱色。废水处理方面也要优选菌种使排放液达标排出。树脂问题是制浆造纸厂长期不能解决的问题。现在已经可以在生产上应用微生物的作用,使木片中树脂的有害成分在进入制浆以前就分解掉,也可以在磨不浆或化学浆中加入微生物以消化掉树脂中的有害成分,从而大大减轻树脂障害。废纸进行生物脱墨是研究的新课题,它将减轻废纸脱墨过程的污染,同时提高脱墨纸浆的白度和强度,值得提倡和推广。

Recent progress on the pulping research and technology was introduced in this paper. The RDH technique in the batch cooking process as well as the MCC and EMCC techniques in the continuous cooking process were recommeneded. Energy saving and low kappa pulp have been got in these cooking processes. Ultra-high-yield pulping processes, especially APMP and EP processes as the 90 processes, are interesting for papermakers. Chlorine-free bleaching processes for higher brightness were studied and will be uesd for hardwood and softwood pulps bleaching in paper mills. The studies of biopulpling and biobleaching, especially the later, are very interesting and useful]. An oxygen delignified hardwood pulp with an initial kappa of 12 and a viscosity of 885 mL/g was subjected to a bleach boosting treatment by pulpzyme prior to a D_1-E_1-D_2-E_2-D_3 sequence. At treatment time of 3hrs at pH7 and 50℃, the bleach boosting effect corresponded to 32％ savings in D_1 stage. The viscosity was unchanged. The biotreatment of the pulp mill effluents will decrease the level of AOX and remove the colour by several fungi. The enzymatic pitch control has been used to solve pitch problems in the paper mills in Japan and U. S. A., Enzyme deinking of newsprint waste was also studied and had got sore benefits.