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新生儿臂丛神经损伤的原因 被引量:10

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摘要 在经典的产科教科书中,新生儿臂丛神经损伤的定义是指,由于在分娩时过度牵拉和屈曲胎儿颈部,致使臂丛神经纤维撕伤或断裂,引起完全性或不完全性肌麻痹.臂丛神经损伤,又称臂丛神经麻痹.发生率为0.37~2.5/1000活产儿[1].多见于肩难产、臀位产时.臂丛神经是由颈神经5~8及胸1脊神经组成,头位产时在肩娩出前过分向斜的方向牵拉胎儿,致使臂丛神经纤维撕伤或断裂,引起上臂、前臂及手的麻痹;由于颈神经5、6合成臂丛神经的上干前枝,为臂丛最高点,受损机会最多,又称Erb's麻痹.臀位产后出头困难,过度牵拉颈部可造成臂丛下干损伤,主要为颈8、胸1神经损伤,又称Klumpke's麻痹.严重时神经及其鞘膜完全断裂,甚至神经纤维自椎管内被拉出,造成不可恢复的永久性瘫痪.
出处 《中华妇产科杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第8期569-571,共3页 Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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