西南国际河流水资源状态及开发中的问题

WATER RESOURCE AND UTILIZATION PROBLEMS OF THE INTERNATIONAL RIVERS IN SOUTH-WEST CHINA

西南国际河流流域地形复杂、海拔高、人口稀少 ,人均水资源量丰富 ,出境水量大 ,水质好 ,目前开发利用程度低 ,具有广阔的开发利用前景。但随着我国加入WTO ,经济和社会发展融入国际的步伐加快 ,对国际河流的开发和利用也必然要按照国际法或国际惯例。首先对西南国际河流水资源的自然状态 ,我国在各自流域中的地位、开发利用状态以及存在的问题进行了论述 ;然后讨论国际河流开发中应注意的问题和准则 ;最后 ,根据可持续发展的原则和各个河流的特点 ,提出建议 :应该充分认识到我国西南国际河流地区生态环境脆弱和社会经济发展水平较低的状态 ,今后应以水资源保护为主 ,优先发展航运和旅游业 ,合理开发水能资源。同时应积极参与国际合作与交流 ,与相关国家共同开发流域水资源 。

In the areas of international rivers in Southwest China there are complex topography, high altitude, few population, abundant water resource for per people, plentiful water flowing out of country, good water quality, low utilization ratio now and there are wide utilization foreground. With our country joining WTO our steps into international society are accelerated. It is necessary to follow international laws and conventions to develop and utilize water resource of international rivers. In this paper the nature state, our positions in all river basins, utilization,development and existed problems of the water resource of international rivers in Southwest China were first discussed. Then some problems and rules in international rivers development were described. Finally according to sustainable development principle and each river characteristics some proposes were put forward: Such as, we should sufficiently recognize that environments in the areas of international rivers in Southwest China is flimsiness and the level of society and economic development is low. It be proposed that water resource conservation should be main task in future, ship navigation and tour should be first developed, water energy should be reasonable developed, then it is necessary that we should initiatively participate international cooperation and communication, together developing water resource with relating countries to boost regional society and economic sustainable development.