铜陵铜尾矿复垦现状及植物在铜尾矿上的定居

RECLAMATION AND PLANT COLONIZATION IN COPPER MINE TAILINGS IN TONGLING,ANHUI PROVINCE

安徽省铜陵市位于长江中游 ,是我国主要的铜矿产区 ,其铜尾矿共有 5个主要的分布区域。随排放时间的延长 ,各尾矿库的持水保肥能力和植被覆盖率提高 ;铜尾矿限制植物定居的主要因素是极端贫瘠和重金属毒性 ,各尾矿库的重金属含量都很高 ,而N、P、K和有机质的含量很低甚至为零。自然和人工定居于尾矿上的植物共有 9科 37属 4 0种 ,其中禾本科、豆科、菊科植物占所有植物种的 72 .5 % ,此 3科植物因有完美的生态适应机制而能成为在尾矿上定居的先锋植物和优势种。铜尾矿库植被自然演替属于几十年甚至上百年的长期演替 。

Tongling lies in the middle reach of Yangtze River in Anhui Province of China. It is an important city where copper mine is abundant. This paper surveyed the distribution of copper mine tailings in the Tongling City. There are five main domains that covered by Copper mine tailings.The difference of vegetation coverage and the water and soil conservation capacity vary from each tailings pool.with the elongation of the depositing time,the vegetation coverage and the water and soil conservation capacity improved. The main reason why plants can not colonize in the tailings is that the acrid media and the toxicity of the heavy metals,each tailings sample contained much copper,and low percentage of N,P,K and organic matters. The newly deposited tailings have no N and organic matter at all. There are 40 plant species belong to 37genera and 9 families that naturally and artificially colonized in the tailings,and 72.5% plants species found in the tailings belong to Gramineae,Compositae,Leguminosae. The perfect adaptive ecological mechanisms determine there to be the pioneer and dominant species colonized in the copper tailings.It will take the plants a long time to develop a stable system. The revegetation in the tailings is also a long time job.