醇类或丙酮在NaCl水溶液中扩散的研究

A Study on Diffusion of Alcohols or Acetone in Aqueous NaCl Solutions at 298.15K

应用膜池技术测定了298.15K下甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇或丙酮在Nacl水溶液中的扩散系数。实验结果表明,盐的加入显著地减小分子的扩散系数。根据由过渡态理论和定标粒子理论导出的方程计算了上述非电解质分子的扩散系数,理论结果与实验值之间具有规律性一致的较好符合。同时,就溶剂化作用和氢键缔合物的形成对分子扩散速率的影响进行了探讨。

The diaphragm cell technique was used to determine the diffusion coefficients of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or acetone in aqueous NaCl solutions at 298.15 K. The experimental results hive been shown that the diffusion coefficients of molecules were markedly reduced by the addition of the salt. The diffusion coefficients of these nonelectrolyte molecules were calculated by the equations derived from the transition state theory and the scaled particle theory. The calculated diffusion coefficients are in agreement with the observed values of which varied with the concentration of NaCl. The effects of the solvation and the complex of the solute-solvent hydrogen bonding on the diffusion rate of molecules were discussed.