澳门地区儿童青少年骨关节创伤分析

Analysis of the Skeletal Trauma of Children and Adolescents in Macao District

目的 了解澳门地区儿童青少年骨关节创伤情况 ,以便为预防和控制儿童青少年意外伤害提供依据。方法 对澳门镜湖医院 1 993年 2月至 2 0 0 2年 1 2月收治的新生儿至 1 8岁骨关节创伤病例 943例进行统计分析。结果 943例病例中 ,男女比例为 2 .44∶1 ,共发生骨折、脱位 995处。在骨折病例中 ,以上肢骨折最多 (645处 ) ,其中前臂占 37.2 % ,以跌伤为主。按年龄阶段分析 ,有 4个高峰 :第 1个是产伤锁骨骨折 46例 ,占同期出生婴儿的 0 .3 % ;第 2个在 1～ 5岁 ,主要是肱骨髁骨折 (60处 )和前臂骨折 (41处 ) ;第 3个在 6～ 1 1岁 ,以前臂骨折 (99处 )、胫腓骨骨折 (92处 )和肱骨髁骨折 (75处 )为主 ;第 4个在 1 2～ 1 8岁 ,以运动外伤的前臂骨折 (1 0 0处 )为主。结论 提高生活技术 ,重视幼儿看管 ,加强健康教育和安全教育 ,可有效预防儿童少年意外伤害的发生。

Objective To analyze the skeletal trauma status of children and adolescents in Macao, and to provide basis for their accidental injuries prevention and control.Methods Data of 943 cases of skeletal trauma from February in 1993 to December in 2002 were analyzed.Results Among 943 cases, the ratio of male to female was 2.44∶1. There were 995 skeletal trauma in 943 patients, including 645 fractures in upper extremity. The commonest fracture location was the forearm (37.2%). The etiology of skeletal trauma was falls. There were 4 summits occurring in these age groups: the first summit occurred at newborn period,there were 46 cases of neonatal clavicle fractures. The second summit occurred at 1-5 years,there were 60 cases of humeral condylar fractures and 41 cases of forearm fracture.The third summit occurred at 6-11 years,there were 99 cases of forearm fractures, 92 cases of tibia/fibula fractures and 75 cases of humeral condylar fractures. The fourth summit occurred at 12-18 years. There were 100 cases of sport injury of forearm fractures.Conclusion It can be efficient to prevent children's accidental injuries to pay more attention to the delivery skill, children's security care and security health education.