叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究

Study of seismic data processing and appreciation based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform.

理论模型计算和实例分析表明 ,只要空间振幅、频率、相位和波形能够达到相对保持 ,通过地震属性分析可以获得小于 1/ 4地震波长的薄层信息。可见 ,叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的高分辨率数据处理是识别和评价薄储层的关键。文中从地震数据处理和地质解释的角度分别提出了相应的评价是否满足相对保持的方法。就前者而言 :利用三维激发主频振幅检测、三维激发子波检测和基于监控炮的统计频谱分析方法确定所用提高分辨率方法是否满足相对保持要求 ;是否获得准确的高精度速度场 ;是否考虑符合传播介质成像理论应用条件。对于后者 ,要求在勘探区内的目的层附近 (满足一个沉积旋回内 ) ,存在一个稳定的全区可连续追踪的参考标准层。

Theoretical model computation and real cases analyses showed that the thin-layer information that is less than 1/4 seismic wavelength can be acquired by analysis of seismic attributes only if special amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform can be relatively preserved.It is thus clear that the high-resolution seismic data processing based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform is key of identification and appreciation of thin-layer.From the angles of the seismic processing and geologic interpretation,the paper presented separately the methods whether the corresponding appreciation can meet above-mentioned relative preservation.As concerns the former,①using test of 3-D shooting amplitude with dominant frequencies,test of 3-D shooting wavelet and statistic spectrum analysis based on monitor shot to determine whether the used methods aimed at improving resolution can meet the needs of relative preservation;②whether the high-precision velocity fields can be acquired;③whether the coincidence with the applied conditions of imaging theory in propagating medium is considered.As concerns the latter,a stable reference mark bed that can be continuously traced in whole region exists around the target (to meet the condition within a sedimentary cycle) in prospecting zone is needed.