陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村聚落分布及其用地特征

Characteristic on rural settlements distribution and its land use in loess hill-gully area of Northern Shaanxi province

在实地调查的基础上,将陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村聚落划分为河谷平原型、坡麓台地型、支毛沟型及墚峁坡型等4种类型.论述了乡村聚落具有规模小、密度小、分布不均匀,沿树枝状水系递减,大多有向阳、向路、向沟等特点.分析了聚落用地情况,其中院落用地较大,占聚落总用地的41 8%～58.6%,人口密度大的绥德、米脂地区,户均聚落占地较少(391m2),而人口密度小的榆阳区户均聚落占地较多(498m2);乡村聚落实际占地比一般统计数字大47.8%,同时聚落用地数量在不断增大,并向条件好的地方迁移.

On uhe basis of field survey, it is compartmentalized that the rural settlements in the loess hill-gully area of Northern Shaanxi province into 4 types: river plain type, slope foot-mesa type, small gully type and Liang-Mao slope type. It discusses some features of rural settlements such as small scale, small density, uneven distribution, digression along with tree-type river system, and location toward sunlit slope, road, and gully etc. It also analyzes the land use forms of rural settlements. In all the land use forms, courtyard is the largest and occupies 41.8%～58.6% of the total land. In Suide and Mizhi area where the population density is larger, the settlements land per door is smaller(391 m^2). But in Yuyang district where the population density is smaller, the settlements per door occupies larger land(498 m^2). The trim size of rural settlements is 47.8% larger than the number of general statistics. Along with development of local economy and the promotion of people′s life, the rural settlements size aggrandizes gradually and moves to place of better conditions.