商用低温核供热站潜在事故环境影响和厂址选择

Potential Accident Radiological Consequences and Siting of Commercial Nuclear District-Heating Reactor.

介绍了国外核供热站安全评价和潜在事故环境影响估计.根据我国拟建中200MW核供热站潜在事故后果初步分析结果表明,商用核供热站靠近城市不会给公众带来不适当的风险.此外在我国和国际核安全法规和导则框架内还讨论了核供热站的应急计划和选址准则.由于核供热站的高安全水平,在其周围不需要场外应急撤离计划,人口分布不应是核反应堆选址的决定因素.但从尽可能合理低的辐射防护原则考虑,建立约2km半径的限制发展区和必要的环境辐射应急监测及应急通讯则是有利的.

The safety assessment and potential accident radiological consequences of nuclear district heating plants in some countries are reviewed in thispaper. The results of the preliminary accident analysis of a 200MW nuclear heating reactor which is planning to be built near a city in the north of China are given. The review and analysis show that the commercial heating plant provides assurance without undue radiological risk to the public. The emergancy planning and siting criteria of the commercial nuclear heating plant are discussed within the framework of Chinese and IAEA nuclear safety codes and guidelines. It is concluded that the planning for off-site emergency evacuation is not required, and that population distribution ceases to be an exclusion factor in the siting due to the high safety level of the heating plant. It is appropriate to establish a limited development area of about 2 km in radius, however, and to plan the some necessary emergency radiological environmen- tal monitoring and emergency communication based on the ALARA principle.