银行国际保理风险的法律研究

Legal study on banks’ risks in international factoring

国际保理已成为当今国际贸易结算中的一种重要方式。从法律上看 ,国际保付代理就是一种经营由基础交易所产生的应收帐款的买卖的综合性金融服务。银行叙做国际保理交易的风险主要是指信用风险 ,即银行作为保理商 ,其客户不履行或不正当履行合同条款规定的义务的一种潜在可能。这种可能一旦成为现实 ,便会给银行带来直接经济损失 ,其实质是一种违约风险 (Defaultrisk) ,主要包括 :进口商信用风险、出口商信用风险、相应保理商信用风险及国家风险。其法律防范在于建立相应的信用风险防范机制 ,即对进口商、出口商、相应保理商的风险防范机制 。

International factoring has become an important way of settlement in international trade. From the point of law, it is a kind of comprehensive financial service provided by banks, which deals with the receivables produced along with the basic trade. In the service, what banks mostly encounter are credit risks. That is, as factors, the banks may meet with the potential possibility that their customers won’t fulfill their obligations or will fulfill them improperly. Once it turns into reality, it will bring economic loss to the banks directly. In essence, it is a kind of default risk, which includes importer’s, exporter’s, and corresponding factor’s credit risks and national risk. The solution lies in building up relevant legal precautionary mechanisms against them.