逻辑合理性及其衰微

Logical Rationality and Its Wane

科学进步的逻辑合理性模式把真理或逼近真理看作科学的目标 ,寻求一种判别知识进步 ,进行理论比较和选择的不变的方法论规则 ,通过理论之间的逻辑联系比较不同理论趋向真理而进步的程度。这种逻辑合理性标准导致一种纯粹累积的科学进步观 ,它完全不符合科学史的实际。为了解决这一矛盾 ,拉卡托斯尝试重建科学史 ,提出科学研究纲领方法论 ,使之能最大限度地说明科学史。但是 ,这一努力仍然囿于传统的逻辑框架 ,对科学进步的合理性的说明仍然离不开某种方法论。奎因以一种整体论科学进步观对逻辑合理性模式提出尖锐批评 。

The logical model of rationality of scientific progress regards truth or closing-to-truth as the aim of science and looks for a kind of fixed regulations of methodology for judging the progress of knowledge and theory comparison and selection only by logical relations. The logical model leads to a pure accumulated character in scientific progress, which does not accord with the actual history of science. In order to solve the problems, Lakatos tries to reconstruct the history of science,to present the methodology of scientific research programmes and to explain the history of science in its power.But the effort is still confined to the logical model and certain methodology.Quine criticizes sharply the logical model of rationality,views science as a whole,and fimally opens a route for historical model of rationality of scientific progress.