长江口水体中氮、磷含量及其化学耗氧量的分析

Analysis of Nitrogen, Phosphorus Nutrients and COD in Waters of Yangtze River Estuary

以 2 0 0 3年 11月份对长江口水体中氮、磷营养盐与化学耗氧量 (COD)的调查为依据 ,研究了长江口水域氮、磷营养盐的形态组成以及垂直、水平分布的特点 .长江口水域 3种溶解态无机氮中以NO-3 N为主 ,平均占到总溶解态氮 (DIN)的 90 %以上 .长江口海域中氮营养盐含量处于高水平 ,6 7%的站位达到或超过国家海水水质 4类标准 ;长江口海域中的磷以溶解态(TDP)为主 ,TDP又以溶解态有机磷 (DOP)为主 .同时由于河口地区盐度的显著变化导致了不同形态氮、磷营养盐的分布格局 .NO-3 N受陆源排放的影响形成了口内高 ,外围低的格局 ,而NH+ 4 N以及不同形态的磷酸盐均受到河口悬浮颗粒物浓度和盐度变化的影响 ,而出现口内低、外围高的格局 .此外 ,长江口水体中COD含量严重超标 ,空间分布特点是口内高 。

The characters of the morphological, vertical and spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphate in the water of Changjiang Estuary were discussed, according to the survey conducted in November 2003. Among the dissolved inorganic nitrogen species, nitrate accounted for 90% in the water of Changjiang Estuary. The concentration of nitrogen nutrients in the Changjiang Estuary show higher level, and 67% of sampling stations attained or exceeded the forth standard level of seawater, according to the national standard of seawater quality. Most of total phosphate in the water of Changjiang Estuary is total dissolved phosphate (TDP), which primary composition is dissolved organic phosphate (DOP). The dramatic changes of salinity in the water of Changjiang Estuary lead to the different distribution characteristics of nutrients. The concentrations of nitrate are higher inside the estuary and lower outside the estuary due to its conservatism. On the contrast, ammonium and phosphate are influenced by the change of particle concentrations and salinity, which are higher outside the estuary and lower inside the estuary. Besides, the contents of COD in the water of Changjiang estuary are very high, and the spatial distribution characteristics are higher inside the estuary and lower outside the estuary.