保护舆论监督的司法原则探讨

A Tentative Study of the Judicatory Principles of Protecting the Supervision of the Public Opinions

作为私权的名誉权保护与作为公权的批评监督权的保护之间并非泾渭分明 ,权利的相互性使得新闻舆论监督的合法性受到名誉权滥诉的干扰。保护舆论监督应确立一种能避免更为严重的损害方式来配置公权或私权的司法精神 :诉求名誉权保护的主体应予限制 ,公共权力机构及公益组织不轻易享有名誉权保护 ,公共权力行使者的名誉权保护亦受约束。涉及名誉受损的报道题材或内容属性方面 ,报道自致性名誉受损的事实 。

There is no clear cut between the protection of the reputation right as a kind of personal right and the supervision right as a kind of public right. Because of the interaction among rights, the abusive lawsuit of the reputation right disturbs the legitimacy of the supervision of the press. To protect the supervision of the public opinions, we should form a kind of judicatory spirit which can avoid the unreasonable and illogical allocation of personal rights and public rights. The subject asking for the protection of the reputation right should be restricted. Public power institutions and commonweal organizations should not have the protection of the reputation right readily and the protection of the reputation right of the executive of public rights should be limited. The supervision right tends to protect the reporting on the fact that the damage of the reputation right is self-leading.