政治家人格特征与领导行为的研究述评

Researches on the relationship between politician personalities and political leadership in western psychology of politics

20世纪 70年代以来 ,西方政治心理学有关人格与政治行为的研究从公民转移到政治家 ,主要从认知方式、动机与领导绩效、一般人格特征与行为方式等探讨了政治家的人格特征对其领导行为的影响 ,取得了重要进展。最近的研究表现出两个基本趋势 :一是力图将公民的人格与政治家的人格特征联系起来进行综合研究 ;二是改变了过去对政治行为的宽泛理解 ,而集中探讨政治家的人格特征对选民投票行为的影响。

In the field of western psychology of politics, major advance has been made in the researches on the relationship between personality and political behavior for the researches concerned changed their focus from citizen to politician since 1970s. The researches explored how politician personality acted on political leadership primarily from politician's cognitive styles, motives and performance, general personality and behavior styles. There showed two important trends in the current researches, one was to take the personality of citizen and politician into consideration, the other was to emphasize the effects of politician personality on citizen's voting behavior but not a general understanding of political behavior.