腹腔镜胆囊切除术前应用磁共振成像胆道造影技术评价胆总管结石的价值

Evaluation of magnetic resonance cholangiography in patients with suspected common bile duct stones before laparoscopic cholecystectomy

目的:评价在腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystec- tomy,LC)术前应用磁共振成像胆道造影(magnetic reso- nance cholangiography,MRC)技术诊断胆总管结石的临床价值. 方法:1999-03/2001-05可疑有胆总管结石而要求择期行LC的267例患者通过同时行内窥镜逆行性胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiography,ERC)或术中胆道造影(intraoperative cholangiography,IOC)检查来评价MRC对胆总管结石诊断的可靠性.可疑患者的选择以临床表现、B超所见以及实验室检查为依据,即:既往有黄疸或胆源性胰腺炎病史、入院后肝功能(尤其是胆红素)检查异常以及B超提示胆总管扩张(即:大于8mm)者. 结果:MRC检出所有78例胆总管内存在有结石的患者,另有假阳性7例.MRC检查胆总管结石的敏感性为100.0%, 特异性为96.3%,阳性判断价值91.8%,阴性判断价值100.0%.共有17例发生与ERC操作有关的并发症(7.1%). 采用MRC筛选,本组有68.2%病例可省去ERC检查, 从而可以有效减少术前检查过程中并发症的发生. 结论:ERC是一项有创技术,并有一定并发症发生率. MRC无创,是高危患者LC术前诊断胆总管结石的一个准确方法,MRC的使用可以为ERC的筛选提供帮助.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical predictive value of magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in selected patients before laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: A total of 267 patients scheduled for elective LC from March 1999 to May 2001, with risk factors for common bile duct (CBD) stones, underwent MRC followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) or intra-operative cholangiography (IOC) to detect the stones in common bile duct and value accuracy of MRC. Suspected patient selection was based on clinical, ultrasonographic, and laboratory criteria. All those with a history of previous jaundice, previous mild gallstone pancreatitis (acute abdominal pain and at least a fourfold increase in serum amylase activity), abnormal liver function test results (especially abnormal bilirubin result) or a dilated common bile duct (more than 8 mm) on ultrasonography were considered to have high suspicion for choledocholithiasis. RESULTS: During a 26-month period, 267 patients were studied. MRC identified all patients (78 patients) found to have CBD stones by ERC or laparoscopic cholangiography in the study group. 7 patients were incorrectly diagnosed as having CBD stones by MRC. In our study, MRC had a sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 96.3%, positive predictive value of 91.8% and negative predictive value of 100.0% for the detection of common bile duct stones. There were 19 patients (7.1%) occurring the ERC procedure-related complications; 11 patients were cholangitis, 7 pancreatitis, and 1 papillary bleeding. The information obtained from MRC could be utilized to select patients who would benefit from preoperative ERC. Using the information, 68.2% (182/267) patients in our group could be away from ERC and its distress. And the complications of preoperative examination would be minimized significantly. CONCLUSION: ERC is an invasive technique with a well-documented complication rate. MRC is an accurate and simple non-invasive imaging technique for preoperative screening for CBD stones in at-risk patients, which could minimize the need for non-therapeutic ERC.