劳动·社会关系·人的本质——对马克思关于“人的本质”的解读

Labor,Social Relation and Nature of Human--Analysis of Marx's Theory:The Nature of Human

在马克思的论著中,有两个最著名的关于人的本质的论述:"自由自觉的活动"、"和一切社会关系的总和"."自由自觉的活动"就是合目的性合规律性的活动,即劳动或实践,这是马克思从价值层面对人的本质所作的考察,是人的最高本质."社会关系的总和"是自由自觉的活动即劳动的具体的现实的展开形式,它是人的历史或现实本质.在人的本质问题上,劳动是内涵,社会关系是外延.人的本质是"自由自觉的活动"和"社会关系的总和"的统一.

In Marx's works, there are two most famous theories on the nature of human: 'free and self-conscious activities' and 'the summation o f all the social relationship'. The former refers to those activities suiting cert ain purpose and rules, that is, labor or practice, which is Marx' s review of th e nature of human on basis of the value and the tiptop nature of human. The latt er refers to the concrete, realistic form of labor( free and self-conscious acti vities), that is, historic and realistic nature of human. As for the nature of h uman, labor is the connotation, and social relationship is the extension. Actual ly, the nature of labor is the unification of 'free and self-conscious' and 't he summation of all the social relationship'.