高性能蛋白质纤维蜘蛛丝的研究与应用(1)

Study and Application of High Performance Protein FiberSpider Silk

蜘蛛丝和蚕丝一样是来自于自然界的动物丝,尽管蜘蛛不可能象蚕一样大量吐丝而实现工业化生产,但蜘蛛丝的优异力学性能和潜在的应用前景,引起了各国学者的关注。近年来材料学科的研究人员对蜘蛛丝的结构和性能已进行了比较系统的研究,在此基础上,通过与生物工程技术、纺丝技术的结合,在人造蜘蛛丝的研究方面也取得了很大的进展。本文介绍蜘蛛丝的结构、性能及其相互关系,分析了蜘蛛丝的形成机理,通过与蚕丝的比较,说明两者在成丝方式上的异同点。介绍人造蜘蛛丝的研究现状以及发展趋势,阐述了蜘蛛丝的应用前景。

Spider silk is an animal silk as Bymobx mori silk. Although spiders aren’t able to spin a lotof fiber for industrialization production and commercial application,spider silk still attracts a lot ofattentions from researchers all over the world because of its excellent mechanical properties andpotential application future. Recently, scientists of material discipline have studied the structures andproperties of spider silk systematically.And based on this,a great progress in researching the artificialspider silk is made by combining with the biotechnology and spinning technology.The paper describes thestructures and properties of spider silk and their relationship, analyzes the forming mechanism of spidersilk and compares the similarities and differences in silk forming with natural silk fiber.Then itintroduces the present studying situation and development trend of artificial spider silk and explicatesthe application prospects of spider silk.