宁夏地方性氟中毒防治研究

ENDEMIC FLUOROSIS IN RURAL AREAS OF NINGXIA: PREVALENCE STUDY AND CONTROL

地方性氟中毒是我区地方病之一,它严重地危害着全区回汉族人民的健康。为消除这种危害,我们对本病的防治和研究奋斗了二十余年,取得了比较显著的成效。一、宁夏的饮水含氟量调查和地方性氟中毒的基本情况我区20个市县中,聚居着430多万回汉及其他少数民族,其中,回族占三分之一以上。根据气象和地理条件,全自治区从南向北划分四个不同类型的地区,即:阴湿山区、半干旱山区、干旱山区和引黄灌区(参见表2下注)。这里的自然地貌大部分为黄土高原和鄂尔多斯台地,但受干旱。

Through consecutive prevance studies, of the 20 counties and cities of Ningxia, with an arca of 6.64 million km^2 and a population of 4,29 million, there are 15 proved to have endemic fluorosis (EF) of mottled enemal and/or osteopathy, mainly punctuatedly distributed in rural and suburban villages. The 15 counties and cities are located in the sonthern hilly areas as well as the northern farm flatland zone irrigated by the Yellow River, covering 74％ of the total area of Ningxia. The EF could be attributed to the high fluoride content in drinking water of the above mentioned village spots, which is related to the arid/semi-arid climate and fluoride-luxuriant rock stratum & a vast distribution of fluoride-rich loess. The assaying of 7, 287 drinking water samples (?)v(?) an elevated fluorine above the national standard (0.5-1.0 nag/L) in 3,389 samples (46.5％); of which, those of Yanchi County spots were 93.6％ (1,014/1,083). Strikingly, the fluorine concentrations of drinking water wells in some villages exceeded 40mg/L, being the highest reported data in this country. Among the different sources of drinking water, the average fluoride content is highest in wells, next high in surface water & springs, and thirdly in cellar wells with clay-plastered wall. Of the 15 EF counties and cities, heavily and moderately affected endemis spots were all located in arid/semi-arid hilly areas. Based upon consecutive surveys, in Ningxia, there have been altogether 86 EF townships (composed of 360 villages), with a total population of 0.48 million. In consecutive mass screening for mottled enemal of most of the above villages and other villages, the total prevalence rate has been 342. 9‰ (0.24/0.69millon). In sampling survey for painful fluorosis osteopathy of part of the above endemic villages, the total prevalence rate has been 62.2％ (229/3,680 cases); with an average age of 40.3 (17-75) years, showing kyphosis/bended waist, scoliosis, or stiffness of whole body. During the past twenty odd years, through digging of nv weells, pipe erection for drawing of river water/springs, and chemical physical methods of fluorine elimination, till Dec of 1987, water amelioration of 38.8％(140) of fluorosis villages has been already accomplished (52 charnel works and more than 120C0 new cellar wells), 33.2％ (0.16 million) of fluorosis village inhabitants being benfieiated hencefoch. 7-15 year long-term observations in water amelioration experiment spots revealed that the symptoms & signs (including X-ray films) of opteopathy patients were markedlv improved, and those lightly affected patients healed and regaining their labor ability; the geometrical average urine fluorinc of population decreased yearly; and, no more new osteopathy cases and mottled enamel children could be found.