城市生态足迹计算方法的设计与案例

Urban ecological footprint method for evaluating sustainable development

生态足迹是从生态学科角度衡量区域可持续发展的一种方法。阐述了生态足迹的概念和计算模型 ,设计了城市生态足迹计算方法。通过对城市物质和能源消费的分析 ,按照耕地、牧地、林地、化石能源用地、建筑用地和水域等土地类型以及食物、住宅、交通、商品、服务和废物等消费类型进行核算 ,建立了生态足迹计算矩阵 ,并同城市生态承载力进行比较。选取了广州、宁波、苏州和扬州 4个城市进行案例研究。结果表明 :案例城市处于生态不可持续状态 ,其人均生态赤字达 2 hm2以上 ;生态足迹分析有助于分析城市可持续发展进程 。

The ecological footprint (EF) method is a new method for measuring sustainable development in forms of the ecological impact. This paper describes the methodology for predicting urban ecological footprints. The urban energy use and natural resource consumption was analyzed to calculate EF based on the land types (arable land, pasture, forest, fossil energy land, built-up area and water area) and the consumption types (food, housing, transportation, goods, services and waste). The result was then compared with the local ecological carrying capacity to develop cateria for sustainable ecological footprints. Case studies of 4 cities in China (Guangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou and Yangzhou) illustrate the urban EF approach. The results show that these cities are ecologically unsustainable, with average ecological conflicts per capita of more than 2 hectares. The urban ecological footprint method is helpful to urban sustainable development and provide useful policy proposals for decision-making.