构造地质与工程地质的基本关系

Basic relation between structural geology and engineering geology

构造地质学是研究各种地质构造及其成生演化的基础地质学 ,工程地质学主要是应用地质学理论尤其是构造地质学理论解决人类工程建设活动中与构造现象和构造活动有密切关系的地质问题的应用地质学。二者的研究目的虽然不同 ,但所研究的主要对象是相同的 ,即都是地质构造 ,所研究的又都是地球变化过程中的构造变动及其各类效应。文中讨论了构造地质学与工程地质学之间的基本关系 ,主要包括地质构造对工程地质环境和工程地质条件的控制作用 ;深部构造、浅部构造以及表层构造动力学特征与区域地壳稳定性之间的关系 ;构造结构面、构造应力场与岩土体稳定性的关系 ;活动构造与工程建筑安全性的关系以及地质构造与崩滑流、地裂缝、地面沉降等地质灾害的关系等问题。

Structural geology is a basic geology that studies various phenomena of geologic structure and their occurrence and evolution. And engineering geology is an applied science, which mainly resolves practical problems that have close relationships with structural phenomena and tectonic activity in human engineering activity by utilizing the theory of geology and especially structural geology. Although the research purposes of both are different, the principal research objects are the same, namely the geologic structure; and both of them study diastrophism and all kinds of effects in the process of movement and change of the Earth. In this paper, we discuss the basic relations between structural geology and engineering geology, mainly including the constraints of geologic structure on the engineering geological environment and condition; the relation of the regional stability to the deep-seated-, shoal-seated- and superficial-structures; the relation of the rock mass stability to the structural interface and tectonic stress field; the relationship between the active structure and the safety of engineering architecture; and the relationship between the geologic structure and the geo-hazard development, such as rockfalls, landslides, mudflows, ground fissures and ground subsidence.