秦岭川金丝猴群在非移动时的空间结构

Spatial structure in a Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana group in Qinling Mountains while being in no-locomotion

本研究在个体识别的基础上 ,采用瞬时扫描取样法 (Instantaneousandscansampling)和行为的全事件取样法 (Alloccurrencesampling) ,对秦岭川金丝猴 (Rhinopithecusroxellana)的一个投食群的空间结构进行研究。发现秦岭川金丝猴社群的空间结构是以类似于“家庭”的社会单元为基本单位 ,属于同一社会单元的个体主要集中在同一棵树上 (占观察频率的 6 0 6 % ) ,其次是在距离相近的两棵树上 (占 2 9 1% ) ,个体间的直线距离通常保持在 0 - 10m之间 ,主要是在 0 - 5m之间 ,不同的社会单元个体间的空间直线距离主要集中在 10 - 30m之间 ,通常是在 2 0 - 2 5m之间 ,明显大于同一社会单元的个体间的空间直线距离 ,这些研究结果可以作为一种野外鉴别猴群社会单元的尺度 ,供未来的研究人员参考。通过对空间形状近似圆形的猴群进行分层 ,统计表明高社会等级的单元常出现在猴群的内层和中层内侧 (df =1,χ2 =16 6 97,P <0 0 0 5 ) ,中社会等级的单元主要出现在猴群的中层 (df=1,χ2 =2 1 5 4 ,P <0 0 0 5 ) ,而低社会等级的单元出现在猴群的外层 (df =1,χ2 =12 6 0 ,P <0 0 0 5 ) ;等级较高的单元在猴群中占有的空间大小与空间质量也较高 ,随着单元社会等级的降低 ,其占有空间的大小与质量也随之降低 ;

Based on the identification of each individual,spatial structure of a provisioned group of golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana was conducted by instantaneous and scan samplings and all occurrence sampling.We found that the fundamental unit of spatial structure in the monkey group was their social units.Using spatial distance as the judgment of social unit,we found that individuals from the same social unit flock in the same tree or two adjacent trees with high frequencies 60.6% and 29.1% respectively when they are in no-locomotion.The spatial distances between individuals range from 0 to 10 m while their main distribution ranges form 0 to 5 m,which displays a frequency downtrend with the growth of distance.However,we also found that the spatial distances between individuals from different social units mainly range from 10 to 30 m,with the peak between 20 and 25 m,considerably longer than those between individuals from the same social unit.Thus,this research finding could provide a method for the judgment of one-male unit for future surveys of wild Rhinopithecus roxellana.When the monkeys were resting and foraging,the spatial pattern of the group had the appearance of either a circle or an oval.The social units were assigned to one of four concentric circles(layers)that were used to distinguish their relative spatial orientation.The statistics showed that the higher-ranking social units always appeared in the two most central layers(df=1,χ~2=166.97,P<0.005).Lower ranking social units appeared most frequently in the outer most layer(df=1,χ~2=12.60,P<0.005)and middle ranking units usually located in the middle layers(df=1,χ~2=21.54,P<0.005).Higher-ranking units occupied larger and higher quality space.As the rank order of the social unit decreased,the quality and size of the space occupied also decreased.The characteristic shape of the group during movement was fluid.The monkeys’ spatial structure was closely related to their socio-ecological constraints,such as foraging and mating strategies,and predator avoidance