4个常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病伴皮层下梗死和白质脑病(CADASIL)家族的临床表现

Clinical features in 4 Chinese families with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)

目的 :报道我国 4个常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病伴皮层下梗死和白质脑病 (CADASIL)家族的临床特点。方法 :收集 4个通过病理和基因检查确诊为CADASIL的先证者及其家族成员的临床资料 ,对 4个先证者做心电图检查 ,2个先证者进行周围神经电生理检查。结果 :4个家族共调查 83个家庭成员 ,总共 2 9人出现神经系统损害的临床症状。每个家族中连续数代均有发病者 ,男女均受累及 ,符合常染色体显性遗传特点 ,所有患者均无常见的脑血管病的危险因素 ,发病年龄为 2 8～ 70岁 ,以 4 0～ 5 0岁为主。主要临床表现为发作性头晕、轻偏瘫 ,发病同时或短期内出现智能下降。所有患者均无偏头痛发作。 1个先证者出现手套和袜套样痛觉减退 ,2个先证者周围神经电生理检查结果异常。所有先证者心电图检查均未见异常改变。结论 :我国CADASIL患者早期可以主要表现为椎 基底动脉系统缺血的症状 ,智能下降可以在疾病早期发生 ,偏头痛可能不是我国患者的主要表现。本病可出现周围神经的损害。

Objective: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited cerebral arteriolar disease in adulthood, which is caused by NOTCH3 gene mutation. The main symptoms were migraine, cerebral stroke, later with mood disorders and dementia in Caucasian patients. Recently, the disease was also recognized in Asian patients, in whom the migraine is rarely reported. In order to give the clinical features of Chinese patients, we described the clinical symptoms in 4 CADASIL families. Methods: CADASIL was diagnosed by the investigation of ultra-structure changes of arteriole in sural nerve and NOTCH3 gene mutation in the 4 index cases. Detailed clinical and routine laboratory examinations were performed in these 4 patients, including electrocardiography, nerve conduction velocity, serum glycogen, and serum homocysteine. Additionally, we also collected the clinical data of the other 83 family members through interviews and the available medical records. Results:Of the 83 persons, 29 were classified as clinical suspected patients, who presented one or more of the disease-related neurological symptoms, such as cerebral ischemic events and the cognitive impairment. All of them showed no common risk factors for stroke, such as diabetic mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease. The clinical suspected patients distributed in every consecutive generations and involved both sexes, which was according to the autosomal dominant inherited pattern. The onset age of the disease ranged from 28 to 70- year-old and mainly between the 4 th and the 5 th decades. The main symptoms were recurrent episodic vertigo, with or without hemiplegia. At the same time or a little bit later, the cognitive impairment was developed in some patients. Compared with the typical presentations of the disease in European patients, none of our 29 patients showed migraine,one index case showed mild sensory disturbance in extremities. Elevated serum homocysteine level and abnormal of nerve conduction study in two index cases (3 and 4) were noticed. Conclusion: The onset age of the disease of our patients is similar to that of Caucasian patients. The main symptoms were stroke and dementia. Involvement of post circulation system was the main clinical feature for ischemic events in our patients. Dementia could be found in the early stage of disease. Migraine should not be regarded as a common clinical feature in our patients. The involvement of the peripheral nerves expanded the disease expression outside the central nervous system.