甘蓝型油菜试管苗人工低温春化方法研究

Studies on vernalization method of tube plantlets from semi-winter rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

为争取5月份形成的半冬性油菜小孢子植株于当年种于田间,并开花结籽,即一年种两代,缩短双单倍体育种和遗传研究年限,我们用光照培养箱对半冬性甘蓝型油菜试管苗进行了人工低温春化研究。华双3号、P34 3品系、中油821和DH系 32种子再生的4～6叶龄试管苗于6～8℃的光照培养箱春化32～42d,分别于3月31日(1999年)和5月6日(1997年)种在田间。所有处理的植株结角株率达100%,每角结籽9 3～21 4粒,种子的发芽率在54%以上。2001年,小孢子离体培养再生的试管苗于5～6℃光照培养箱春化14～25d,分别于6月7日和6月19日栽到田间。春化14d开花株率为8 33%,春化22d和25d达90%以上,但均未结角。结果表明,半冬性油菜试管苗于6～8℃光照培养箱处理32d所有植株可通过春化。在武汉,春化的小植株于5月上中旬以前移栽到田间可收到种子,6月以后仅能开花,不能结角。

Using incubator with fluorescent light,the tube plantlets originated from the seeds and microspores of semi-winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were vernalized in vitro, and the plantlets produced in May from microspores in vitro could be transplanted to the field and the seeds could obtained in same year.The tube plantlets with 4-6 leaves produced from the seeds of cultivars(lines) Huashuang 3,Zhongyou 821,P34-3 and DH-32 were treated for 32-42 days at 6-8 ℃ and transplanted to field in 6 May 1997 and 31 1999,respectively.Plant rate of setting pod of 4 cultivars (lines) was 100 % with the range of 9.3-21.4 seeds per pod.Germinating rate of seed was more than 54 %.In 2001,tube plantlets regenerated from the microspores in vitro of F_1-89 were vernalized for 14-25 days at 5-6 ℃,then transplanted to the field on 7 June and 19 June,respectively.The 8.33 % plants flowered in the treatment of 14 days and over 90 % in that of 22 and 25 days.But no pod was harvested in the plants of all treatments.Results indicated that tube plantlets of semi-winter rapeseed could be vernalized successfully in incubator at 6-8 ℃for 32 days.In Wuhan city,the seeds could be harvested when vernalized plantlets were transplanted to the field before the second ten days of May,while transplanted after June only flowers occurred,no seeds formed.