盐城海岸湿地资源环境压力与生态调控响应

Resource-environmental pressure analysis and ecological cybernetics response: A case study of coastal wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province

江苏盐城海岸湿地拥有以保护丹顶鹤和麋鹿为特色的两个国家级自然保护区。然而强烈的人类活动贯穿于海岸湿地发育的每一个阶段,包括湿地围垦、资源酷取滥采以及环境污染等,使得该区资源环境面临的压力不断增大。通过对其资源环境特征、人口经济发展压力、湿地不合理开发利用压力以及水资源污染压力的分析,进而利用生态调控设计相应的政策措施响应方案,包括生态规划与设计———科学的生态功能区划,调整若干原缓冲区中生物多样性热点区为核心区;生态工程———生境更新与调整,建立人工湿地生态工程、芦苇生态工程、生态旅游等生态示范区;生态系统管理与能力建设———社区共管,与周围社区居民建立有效的伙伴关系。

Coastal Wetlands in Yancheng (CWY),Jiangsu Province consist of two national natural reserves characterized by protecting red crowned crane and elk.Each developmental stage of the coastal wetland in this area is under the strong influences of human activities such as wetlands reclamation,irrational exploitation,water quality degradation,etc.All of these aggravated the pressure imposed on the coastal wetland area.This paper analyzes multiple kinds of environmen tal pressure,including population pressure,socio economic pressure,irrational exploitation pressu re,environmental pollution pressure,to explore relationships among resource environmental pres sure,state and response;for the purpose of using ecological policies to turn the ecosystems of the coastal wetlands to a healthy state.Based on ecological cybernetic responses and sustainable development,a framework with relevant measures is proposed in this paper as follows:(1) Ecologi cal planning and design.To identify an optimal allocation of its core zones,buffer zones and experimental zones in order to assure a clear conservation target of CWY,and convert some biodiversity hotspots into a core ecological preserve area.(2) Ecological engineering.To implement a number of wetland related projects (waterfowl lake,reed farms,fish ponds,et al.)in the buffer zone for gaining great economic benefits to maintain feedbacks to waterfowl ponds and in the ecotourism zone serving as a good supplement to preserve wetlands landscape.(3)Ecosystem management.Community co management is a new approach to natural reserve management.Com munity residents can benefit from the application of new agricultural technology and implementation of community development programs.Meanwhile,the conservation of bio diversity can be strengthened.