TGF-β超家族分子在软骨内成骨中的作用

TGF-β superfamily molecules:their function in endochondral ossification

转化生长因子 β(transforminggrowthfactor β ,TGF β)超家族分子包括TGF β、骨形态发生蛋白 (BMP)等30多个成员。它们在软骨组织分布广泛 ,在软骨内成骨的各个阶段皆具有重要功能。TGF β分子可以促进软骨细胞细胞外基质合成 ,抑制软骨细胞的肥大分化和矿化。BMP分子可以诱导间充质细胞分化为软骨细胞 ,促进合成细胞外基质 ,抑制软骨细胞的终末分化。另外 ,TGF β、BMP分子可以和IHH PTHrP信号通路相互作用协调软骨细胞分化 ,BMP和FGF分子相互拮抗控制软骨细胞增殖、IHH分子表达和软骨细胞的终末分化。但是 ,TGF β超家族分子在软骨内成骨中的详细作用机制仍需进一步的研究来阐明。

TGF-β superfamily molecules consist of over 30 memb ers including TGF-β,bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) and so on. They are widely p resent in cartilage tissue and have important roles at all stages of endochondral ossification process. TGF-β can promote chondrocytes to synthesize extracellular matrix, inhibit hypertrophic differentiation and mineralization of chondrocytes. BMP may induce mesenchymal cells to differentiate into chondrocytes, promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix and inhibit the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. In addition, TGF-β and BMP can coordinate with IHH-PTHrP relaying pathway to regulate the differentiation of chondrocytes, and BMP antagonizes with FGF in controlling the chondrocyte proliferation, IHH expression and terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. However, further studies need to be done to elucidate the mechanisms of TGF-β superfamily molecules in the endochondral ossification.