基于GIS的土壤分布及理化性质与地形因子相互关系研究——以西安市为例

A GISbased study on relationship between soil distribution and physical and chemical properties and terrain factor——taking Xi'an area as an example

土壤空间分布规律的分析一直是土壤学研究的重要课题。以西安市为样区,应用GIS的复合叠置分析、聚类聚合分析、统计学分析等方法,探索了中尺度土壤分布及土壤理化性质随海拔高度变化而变化及土壤枝形分布规律。研究发现:不同海拔高度,土类分布组合不同;不同海拔高度土壤的pH、阳离子代换量及有机质含量变化较大;研究区枝形分布规律明显。以上研究是对传统土壤学描述性说明方法的突破,进而可以揭示土壤分布更深层次的规律;此外研究所采用的GIS学科特有的复合叠置分析方法把土壤信息与地形信息复合叠置分析,探求两者之间的关系,是对传统土壤学研究的补充。

Analysis of soil spatial distribution pattern is a constantly important field in soil science.Taking Xi'an as a case, with GIS spatial analysis methods, such as overlay, cluster and statistics, pattern of middlescale soil spatial distribution and soil physical and chemical properties varying with elevation is exploited, that it is branch spatial distribution pattern. This study indicates that different kind soil locate in different elevation, that soil PH value, exchanging quantity of positive ion and organic content vary distinctively with elevation and the function between physical and chemical properties and elevation is get, that the branch soil distribution pattern is obvious in study area.All the findings are a break through to classical illustration method in soil science. Furthermore this quantity approach could probably expose soil distribution pattern deeply. Especially, with the complex overlay analysis that is the unique method in GIS, soil and terrain information are overlapped to analyze, to find the relationship each other, which is a new compensation for soil study.