不同生态条件下的烤烟硼营养研究

Status of boron nutrition in tobacco under different ecological conditions

在我国7个主产烟省采用“统一栽培法”,研究了各生态条件下烤烟营养中硼的积累与分配规律。试验结果表明,烤烟叶片、烟杈(芽)中硼含量明显高于根、茎,其含量以北方高于南方;而根、茎中硼含量正好相反。硼素的积累过程呈明显的Logistic生长曲线关系。大田生长前期南北烟区烟株中硼素积累特征基本一致,但在栽后30d以后北方烟区烟株中积累量和积累速率远远高于南方烟区。烟株中硼素积累量占全株总积累量的比例为栽后60d以前南方烟区高于北方烟区,以后则是北方烟区高于南方烟区。在我国南北烟区烟株含硼量(浓度)无明显的差异,但硼积累量差异明显。土壤pH、全氮和速效氮对烟株硼的积累有一定的促进作用,土壤有机质升高则对烟株中硼的积累不利;平均气温、最高温度、10cm地温和日照时数与烟株硼的积累呈正相关。

Seven field experiments using a uniform test design and cultivated mode were simultaneously carried out in7provinces to study the characteristics of accumulation and distribution of boron in tobacco.The results show ed that the concentration of B in leaf and sucker was higher than that in root and stem,and was higher in north than that in south,while the concentration of B in stem and root proved higher in south than that in north.The curve of boron accumulation in tobacco was similar to Logistic one of plant growth in different ecosystems.In general,the characteristics of B accumulation in north were similar to those in south in the early stage of tobacco growth,but the amount and intensity of B accumulation in north in the30days after transplantation were much more than that in south.The proportion of B accumu-lation in60days in south was higher than that in north but inverted after that.The contents of B in the tobacco plant could be enhanced by higher pH,total N and available N,but it was negatively affected by higher amount of organic matter in soils.The B accumulation in tobacco during its growth and development was highly positively correlated with average temperature,maximum temperature,10cm soil temperature and light hour.