敦煌吐鲁番文献所见回鹘古代历法

The Uighur Ancient Calendars Found in the Documents of Dunhuang and Turfan

关于古代回鹘历法 ,史书少有记载 ,幸赖敦煌、吐鲁番回鹘文写本的发现与解读 ,为这一问题的研究提供了丰富而珍贵的资料。通过这些文献 ,我们可以看出 ,古代回鹘人曾使用过多种历法 ,既有来自中原的生肖纪年法、干支纪年法、建除满历法及年号纪年法 ,又有来自波斯的七曜历和来自于阗的于阗历 ,更有古回鹘人创造的具有民族特色的以五行与十二生肖相配的纪年方法 ,后者对藏族时轮历的形成可能有所影响。

There are rare recordes concerning the ancient Uighur calendars in the historical records.However,the ancient Uighur manuscripts unearthed in the Dunhuang and Turfan affords us for a wealth and precious data of studying the ancient Uighur calendars.By means of those documents,we makes out that the ancient Uighurs had ever used many designated by heavenly stems and earthly branches of the Central Plains and so on,and it also came from Qiyao calendar of Persia and Khatan calendar,especially the way numbered years by the ancient Uighur that the Five elements was well-matched with Chinese animal years,and deems that the later had probally impact on the production of Shilun calendar of the Tibetans.