关于秦朝“逆取顺守”之假说

On the Hypothesis That the Qin Dynasty Could Have PossiblyChanged from Violent Conquest to Benevolent Governance

"逆取顺守"之假说,是在汉朝建立后,为避免重蹈秦朝覆辙而总结历史经验教训的背景下提出的,主要内容包括:打天下与守天下应该采用不同的策略和方法,"逆取顺守"的关键是统治者要有以民为本的思想,"逆取顺守"是必须遵循的历史规律。在秦朝,曾经具备过转变统治政策的可能性,但由于秦朝的历史文化传统和秦始皇、秦二世个人性格等因素,使这种可能性化为了泡影。"逆取顺守"之假说的提出,对于后来统治者抛弃法家学说中赤裸裸的暴力统治是有积极意义的。

The saying of 'To take over when athwart, defend when smooth' was put forward after the establishment of the Han dynasty to avoid the perdition of the new dynasty like Qin dynasty based on the historical lesson. It contains the idea that different strategies and different ways should be applied respectively in conquering and building a country. The main idea is that the ruler should take the people as the basic concern. In Qin dynasty, the ruler had had the possibility to change their policy but no action was taken. The saying has its active meaning for the reform of the complete violent ruling.