论《儒林外史》中的师生关系——吴敬梓笔下的士人性格与命运探索系列

An Exploration of the Teacher-Student Relationship in "The Additional History of Intellectuals"

明清两朝推行的科举制度,其实是一种教育考试制度。在朝廷设立的各级学校中存在着师生关系,在主持各级考试的朝廷命官与应试士子之间也存在着师生关系。而且后一类师生关系更为一般士人所看重。在这两类师生关系中,由于社会地位、经济状况、家庭出身和个人品行等因素,士人的表现千姿百态,显示了他们各自不同的性格和命运所系。吴敬梓根据切身的体验,对此作了生动的描写和深刻的剖析,既有历史的认识价值,也有现实的烛照意义。

The examination system for selecting civil servants practiced in Ming and Qing dynasties is actually a sytem of education. In the schools at different levels established by the government exists the teacher-student relationship ; between the examiners for various examinations and the examinees there also exists such relationship. And the latter is particularly valued by the then ordinary intellectuals. This paper explicates how the social statuses, economic situations, family backgrounds and personal characters of those portrayed in the novel affect their reactions to the relationship.