论《马氏文通》对汉语词类和句子成分关系的认识——兼谈《文通》的“字无定类”和“字类假借”说

A Study on the Cognition in Mashi Wentong of the Relation between Parts of Speech and Sentence Constituents in Chinese

《马氏文通》的作者马建忠已经认识到了汉语的词类和句子成分不是一一对应的关系,而是呈现出错综复杂的局面。由于“字类假借”说的多次出现,以及研究者们的不同理解,这就经常引发了关于《马氏文通》究竟是持词有定类说还是持词无定类说的争论,从而在一定程度上掩盖了马氏对汉语词类和句子成分关系的深刻认识。

MaJian-zhong, the author of Mashi Wentong, has realized that parts of speech in Chinese are not correspond to Sentence constituents one by one and the relation between them is very complicated. There are three types in the statement of 'A Chinese character without fixed category' and two of them are described by Mr. Ma in terms of 'a Chinese character Adopted to represent homophones'. As the statement of 'a Chinese character adopted to represent homophones' arose on Many occasions, the incisive cognition was covered to a certain degree. Furthermore, as the researchers have different Understand about the terminologies in Mashi Wentong, they often argument about whether a word belongs to a fixed category or not according to Mashi Wentong.