大气降尘收集方法及相关问题研究

Discussions on Different Dust Trapping Methods and on Some Related Topics

降尘监测是探索大气降尘对环境的影响和生态效应评估不可缺少的手段之一。根据集尘容器内固定降尘介质的不同,目前常用的收集方法分为干法、湿法和玻璃球法3种。在实际监测中,每种方法都有不同的研究者采用,3种方法的收集效率也有一定的差别。研究表明,干法的集尘效率为湿法的73%和玻璃球法的95%;玻璃球法的集尘效率为湿法的77%。3种方法的集尘量之间具有良好的线性关系,可以依此进行数据的转换。不同的收集容器会对集尘效率产生影响,其测量精度也不相同。另外,这3种收集方法不能很好地区别干沉降和湿沉降过程,应该加以改进。因此,采用统一的标准开展大气降尘的合作研究很有必要。

Monitoring dust deposition is a key role in appraising the impact of dusts due to its significance on environment and ecology. According to the different materials to stabilize the deposited dust, there are three methods named the dry trap, the wet trap and the glass marbles trap used by different researchers. Our study results show the difference in sampling efficiency. The dust deposition amount collected by the dry traps is about 73% of the wet traps or 95% of the glass marbles traps, and the amount collected by the glass marbles traps is about 77% of the wet traps. Using the linear regression analysis model, we find that there is a good correlation in dust deposition amount collected by the three different sampling methods. Consequently we can use the regressive functions to transfer data between different methods. The impact of different traps upon the efficiency and precision in dust collection is different also. Since disadvantages in differentiating the dry deposit process from the wet deposit one, these methods should be made an improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cooperative atmospheric dust deposition research in the uniform criterion.