颗粒物质中的崩塌现象

Avalanche Phenomena of Granular Materials

沙丘发育和前移、泥石流、雪崩、地震等诸多自然现象和自然灾害都与颗粒物质的崩塌有着紧密的联系。Bak等提出的元胞自动机模型(简称BTW模型)、Kadanoff提出的广义LL模型(locallimitedmodel)、Manna提出的随机性自动元胞机模型(stochasticautomaton)和Wiesenfeld等人提出的决定性元胞自动机模型(deterministicau tomaton)模拟沙堆崩塌现象,各有成功之处,在一定程度上反映了颗粒崩塌的某些非线性特征,然而,都局限于一定的实验和模拟条件,与实际结果尚有相当的差距。迄今并没有一个普适的理论概括颗粒物质的崩塌现象,有待深入的实验和理论分析。笔者在调研和分析大量文献后,对今后如何研究沙堆崩塌现象提出了一些看法。

Many natural phenomena and natural disasters have close relation with granular materials avalanche, i.e. sand dune development and movement, debris flow, snowslide and earthquake. The sand-pile automaton model, the local limited model, the stochastic automaton model and the deterministic automaton model all has in some extent successfully simulated the avalanche phenomena of granular materials, but their results still have considerable difference with the fact due to limited conditions of experiment and simulation. It is necessary to conduct in-deep experimentation and theoretic analysis for find a universal theory explaining the avalanche phenomena of granular materials. Finally, some suggestions are put forward on how to solve sand piles avalanche problem in the future.