江苏省淮北地区肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7感染性腹泻并发急性肾衰的研究

Epidemiological study on an outbreak caused by E. coli O157 : H7 in Jiangsu province

目的 了解1999～2000年江苏省淮北部分地区发生肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7感染性腹泻并发急性肾衰病例的病因与流行特点。方法 运用流行病学、微生物学、分子生物学等方法,对传染源、传播途径、流行因素进行调查和分析。结果 1999年共在9个县(区)报告肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7感染性腹泻并发急性肾衰病例95例,死亡83例,病死率87.37％。6月中、下旬为发病高峰,男女之比为1:1.44,年龄以50岁以上为主,占88.42％。2000年发生38例,死亡34例,病死率89.47％。引起爆发的主要危险因素有不饮自来水、吃剩饭菜、厨房卫生差、生食瓜果和饭前便后不洗手。从2例重症患者及3例腹泻患者粪便标本分离到O157:H7;宿主动物O157:H7携带率为9.62％(170/1767),菌株毒力基因阳性率达99.41％(169/170)。从患者粪便标本分离的菌株与家禽家畜分离的菌株属同一克隆群。结论 这是中国首次发现由O157:H7引起的爆发疫情,其发生与宿主动物带菌率高且菌株毒力基因阳性率高有密切关系,引起疫情的具体传播途径复杂多样,主要的感染危险因素与个人卫生、家庭卫生不良有关。

Objective To carry out epidemiological study on an outbreak caused by E. coli O157: H7 infection in Jiangsu province in 1999. Methods Epidemiological, microbiological and moleculebiotogical methods were used to find out the source, route of transmission and risk factors. Results 95 severe O157:H7 infected patients with acute renal failure in 9 counties and districts of 2 municipalities were reported in Jiangsu province, 1999 while 83 of the patients died with a death rate of 87.37%. Most patients were seen in mid or late June. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.44 and 88.42% of the patients were over 50 years old. 38 patients occurred in 2000 with 34 deaths. Major factors contributing to the outbreak would include without drinking tap water, eating leftover food, poor sanitary status in kitchen, not washing hands before meal and after bowl movement. 2 strain of O157:H7 was isolated from severe patients and 3 from diarrhea cases. Carrier rate among animals was up to 9.62% and 99.41% of the strains carried toxic gene. Strains isolated from feces of patients and animals belonged to the same colonies. Conclusion This outbreak was severe whiek caused by O157:H7 and was first seen in China, which was closely related to the high carrier rate of O157: H7 in animals and to the positive rate of high toxic gene of the strains. There were various routes of transmission and the main factors of infection would include poor personal health habits and poor sanitation of the household.