太极拳运动对中老年原发性高血压患者心血管系统应激性、适应性和耐受能力的干预效应

Effect of shadow boxing on the cardiovascular excitability,adaptability and endurance in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension

目的:探讨太极拳运动对原发性高血压患者心血管功能的康复作用。方法:对坚持太极拳锻炼的61例中老年原发性高血压患者(锻炼组)的血脂水平及心、脑、肾器官的病损率进行了检测;并在规定时间内作一定量的负荷运动,观察其运动前、中、后3个时限点的心率、血压、心功指数、脉压及运动终止后心率和血压的恢复时间。将其结果与匹配的未进行运动锻炼的52例中老年原发性高血压患者(对照组)的结果进行对比分析。结果:锻炼组血液中胆固醇犤(4.58±0.17)mmol/L犦、三酰甘油犤(1.38±0.47)mmol/L犦水平降低及高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇犤(1.61±0.49)mmol/L犦水平升高,与对照组比较,差异均有显著性意义(t=3.10,4.36,3.67;P<0.05～0.01);心、脑、肾器官病损率明显下降,与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2=4.10～4.81;P<0.05);在运动前、中、后3个时限点的心率、血压、心功能指数及在静态和动态时心率、血压波幅均低,与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(t=1.43～4.28;P<0.05～0.01)。结论:长期坚持太极拳锻炼能改善中老年原发性高血压患者的脂质代谢,减少靶器官病损的发生率,增强心血管系统的应激性、适应性和耐受能力。

AIM:To study the rehabilitative effects of shadow boxing on cardiovascular function of patients with hypertension. METHODS:The plasma lipid level and the damage rate of heart, brain and kidney of 61 middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients(exercise group) were examined.They took quantitative load exercise during a rated period,and their heart rate,blood pressure,cardiac index,pulse pressure difference were observed before,during and after exercise respectively,and the recovery durations of heart rate and blood pressure after exercise were also observed.The results were comparatively analyzed with those of 52 middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients who did not take part in the exercise (control group). RESULTS:The plasma levels of cholesterol[(4.58±0.17) mmol/L], triacylglycerol[TG,(1.38±0.47) mmol/L] were decreased, while the level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C, (1.61±0.49) mmol/L] was increased in the exercise group, significantly different from those in the control group(t=3.10, 4.36, 3.67,P< 0.05 to 0.01).The damage rates of heart, brain and kidney in the exercise group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group(χ2=4.10 to 4.81,P< 0.05). The heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac index, the static and dynamic heart rate and blood pressure before,during and after exercise in the exercise group were all decreased,significantly different from those in the control group(t=1.43 to 4.28,P< 0.05 to 0.01).CONCLUSION:Long-term exercise of shadow boxing can improve the lipid metabolism,decrease the damage probability of target organ,increase the excitability,adaptability and endurance of cardiovascular system.