海洛因成瘾复吸大鼠脑组织神经元超微结构和神经递质变化的研究

Study on neuron ultrastructual and neuro-transmitter's changes of the brain tissue of heroin addicted and readdicted rats

目的:模仿人类吸毒成瘾→脱毒治疗→又吸毒成瘾→又脱毒治疗→再吸毒成瘾→再脱毒治疗的大量临床实例,建立海洛因成瘾复吸大白鼠模型,对三个阶段海洛因成瘾和复吸成瘾大白鼠脑神经元超微结构和脑部分种类神经递质的含量作比较研究,了解海洛因致各阶段大白鼠脑损害的动态趋势。方法:采用递增法人为地给大白鼠皮下注射海洛因造成动物成瘾,用美沙酮 丁丙诺啡 可乐定脱毒治疗。尔后再按上法皮下注射海洛因造成动物复吸成瘾→再脱毒治疗→又再复吸成瘾,又再脱毒治疗。动物设对照组和模型组,取各阶段各组大白鼠多部位脑组织电镜下观察神经元超微结构变化,用荧光分光度法测定各阶段各组大白鼠脑(不含脑垂体)NA、DA、5 HT等神经递质的含量。结果:三个阶段海洛因成瘾和复吸成瘾大白鼠脑内多部位神经元胞体、轴突、树突都出现变性、凋亡、胀亡等超微病理结构改变,而且随复吸次数增多病变呈加重趋势。第二、三个阶段成瘾大鼠下丘脑病变比前额皮质、海马重。正常对照组电镜超微结构影像正常。三个阶段成瘾大鼠脑NA、DA、5 HT含量比正常对照组升高,而随复吸次数增加,神经递质含量增高幅度呈现下降的趋势。结论:海洛因成瘾、复吸成瘾大白鼠脑组织神经元出现广泛性损害,以变性为主。

Objective: To imitate the processes of human heroin addiction and abstention treatment→heroin readdiction and reabstention treatment→a third heroin addiction and abstention treatment,we set up the model of heroin addiction and readdiction.The comparative study on the neuron ultrastructures and the amount of partial neurotransmitter in the brain tissues of the heroin addicted and readdicted rats were done to make clear the dynamic trend of the cytopathic changes on heroin addicted rats of each group.Method: Rats were given subcutaneous injection of heroin by gradually increase of dosages to establish the animal addicted model.Methadone -Buprenorphine-Clonidine were used to abstend heroin addicted rats.And then the rats of addiction and abstention were repeated two times in the same procedures.Rats were divided into control group and model group.The changes of neuronal ultrastructures in the brain tissue of the rats of each group were observed under electron microscope.The changes of the amount of neurotransmitter such as NA,DA and 5-HT of the rats' brains(not including hypophysis)from each group were analysed by means of fluorescence microspectro-photometry.Results: Degeneration,apoptosis,oncosis were found in the neuronal somas,axons,dendrites of the heroin addicted and readdicted rats' brain tissue from all groups and showed the trend of aggravating by periodical pathological change.The cytopathic lesions of hypothalamus of heroin addicted rat were more severer than those of prefrontal cortex,especially in the secondary and third period.The changes of NA,DA and 5-HT from the heroin addicted rats' brains of all groups increased more than those of the control group,but it showed the trend of decreasing by the increase in readdicted times.Conclusion: Ultrastructural changes of the brain tissues of the heroin addicted and readdicted rats have been observed,of which neuronal degeneration is the predominate cytopathic change and apoptosis is the main form of neuron death.This experiment also demonstrated that there was location difference in between the lesions of brain tissue which were caused by heroin addiction.The amount of neurotransmitters showed in accordance with the cytopathic changes of neuron.The lesions of brain tissue increased in severity with readdicted times.