工作应激与科技人员健康的关系

Relationship between Job Stress and Health among Scientific and Technological Workers: a Study in Fuzhou City,Fujian Province

目的 通过调查科技人员当前工作应激的水平和健康状况 ,研究工作应激和健康状况之间的关系。方法 在福建省福州市随机抽取 988名科技人员进行问卷调查 ,男性 668名 ,女性 3 2 0名 ,平均年龄 3 5 62岁 (2 1～ 81 )。年龄 <40岁的有 698名 ,≥ 40岁的有 2 90名。高校老师 42 3名 ,医务工作者 2 3 3名 ,研究所的科研人员 2 5 1名以及高科技企业的工程技术人员 81名。文化程度包括大专、本科、硕士和博士。结果 调查对象中 66 1 0 %处于高工作应激状态 ,2 9 3 5 %处于正常工作应激状态 ,而有 4 5 5 %处于低应激状态。工作应激的水平在不同年龄、性别和职业中没有差异性。 <40岁组和≥ 40岁组的躯体症状发生率都随着应激程度的增高而增高。 <40岁组的躯体症状除了躯体痛和胃肠不适外 ,失眠、头昏头痛、心慌、疲劳、食欲不振、腰酸背痛均与应激程度存在关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。但是 ,≥ 40岁组只有胃肠不适和疲劳与应激程度存在关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。两个年龄组的心理症状 (抑郁、焦虑、情绪波动 )均与应激程度存在高度关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。logistic回归分析显示生活事件 ,性别 ,有无业余爱好 ,有无研究课题 ,年龄和应激状况总分都是被调查者健康状况的影响因素。在控制了其他影响因素之后 ,与低应?

Objective To investigate the current status of job stress and health of scientific and technological workers and the relationship between the job stress and their health status.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 988 randomly sampled scientific and technological workers in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 668 males and 320 females, aged 35.62(21～81), including 423 college teachers at work, 233 health workers, 251 science researchers, and 81 engineers and technicians of high-tech companies.Results 66.0% of the respondents were in a condition of high stress, 29.35% in a condition of normal stress, and 4.55% in a condition of low stress.There was no difference in the proportion of stress condition between genders, and among different ages and occupations.The prevalence rates of physical symptoms increased along with the increase of age in both age groups <40 and ≥40 .In the age group <40 the physical symptoms, including insomnia, dizziness and headache, fatigue, anorexia, and lumbago, except body pain and gastrointestinal discomfort, were correlated with the degree of stress (all P<0.05).However, in the age group ≥40 only gastrointestinal discomfort and fatigue were correlated with the degree of stress (both P<0.05).In both age groups the psychological symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and emotional lability were positively correlated with the degree of stress (all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that life event, gender, having hobbies or not, having a research project or not, age, and total score of stress were the factors influencing the health of the respondents.The OR value for prevalence of disease was 1.05 in the respondents with normal stress, and was 4.13 in those with high stress.Conclusion Job stress is a risk factor influencing the health of the personnel engaged in science and technology.