乌托邦的“否定辩证法”——对20世纪上半叶中国知识分子运动的考察与反省

The Utopian “Negative Dialectics”——An Investigation and Reflection on the Chinese Intellectual Drive in the First Half of the 20th Century

乌托邦型公共知识分子的出场与大步登上历史舞台 ,是 2 0世纪上半叶中国社会历史的奇观 :它开始是乌托邦观念的制造者与提供者 ,而后来成为意识形态的发言人与辩护者。中国现代知识分子从乌托邦话语到意识形态话语的转变 ,意味着中国人文知识分子“谱系”的断裂。历史上 ,中国人文知识分子曾是社会终极价值与意义的维护者与阐释者。今天 ,中国现代人文知识分子应当重建与历史的联系 ,在价值承担上向传统回归。这要求它实现三种转变 :1.从启蒙心态到教化心态的转变 ;2 .从“中心—边缘”意识到“守望”意识的转变 ;3.

In the early part of the twentieth century the historical stage pose of the utopian public intellectual was a wonder in Chinese society and history. In the beginning it was a producer and supplier of utopian ideas, and later became a spokesman and defender of ideology. The modern Chinese intellectual transformation from its utopian discourses to ideological discourses meant a break of the humanistic Chinese intellectual “spectrum.” In history Chinese humanistic intellectuals had been safeguards and expositors of social ultimate values and purposes. Today, the modern Chinese intellectual should reestablish a connection with history, returning to its tradition as a value bearer. It is requisite for it to realize three transformations: 1) the transformation from an enlightenment attitude to an educational attitude, 2) the transformation from a “center-frontier” consciousness to a “watcher” consciousness, 3) the transformation from an orientation of political power to an orientation of social public spheres.