吉林西部草地次生盐碱化与改良治理

SALINIZATION OF SOIL AND ITS IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY IN GRASSLAND OF SONGNEN PLAIN

本文探讨了松嫩平原草地次生盐碱化的发生原因、形成过程和治理途径。认为人类过度利用造成植被退化是草地次生盐碱化的主要原因。羊草作为羊草草地植物群落优势种,其数量指际(重要值,Important Value, Ⅳ)作为草地植被退化指标,与土壤电导率(EC)和碱化度(ESP)的函数关系分别为:;Ⅳ=50.07·0.69^(EC)((?)=—0.8499和Ⅳ=64.02·0.97^(ESP)(r=—0.7501)。表明随着土壤盐碱化程度的提高,羊草在群落中的优势度(Ⅳ)呈鱼指数形式下降。并提出了“避重就轻、先易后难、以防为主、用改结合”的治理原则和“以生物改良方法为主的治理途径”。对建立草地畜牧业优化生态模式具有一定的参考价值。

The salinization of soil was discussed in this paper to explore the cause, formation and improvement of salined soils in Songnen plain. The results showed that the main cause of salinization of soil is the degeneration of vegetation due to overgrazing. The Important Value(Ⅳ)of Aneurolepidium chinense in community as the function of the Electrical Conductivity (EC)and Exchangable Sodium percentage (ESP)can be described as follows: Ⅳ=60. 07·0.69^(EC)and Ⅳ=64.02·0.97^(ESP). It showed that Ⅳ was decreased with the increasing of EC and ESP in soils. In the improvement of salined soils, the salined soils with lower EC and ESP should be given priority. Prevention of salinization should be paid more atention to than the improvement. Organisim improving salined soil is a effective way in Songnen plain.