我国20个地区农村青年女性与男性自杀死亡者特征的比较

Comparison of suicide characteristics in young rural females and males in China

目的探讨农村青年女性和男性自杀死亡特征,为预防自杀提供依据。方法以在全国20个疾病监测点中抽取的农村地区、年龄在15-34岁的295个自杀死亡案例为研究对象,其中女性169例,男性.126例,应用自制的意外死亡调查问卷进行调查。结果(1)两组自杀死亡者在年龄、受教育年限和自杀未遂史等方面的差异无显著性意义(均P>0.05);(2)与男性相比,女性自杀死亡者的家庭人均月收入高[(200±237)元:(148±170)元,经秩和检验,P<0.05]、生命质量好[(54±13)分:(50±12)分,P<0.01]、现婚率高(80.5％:51.6％,P<0.001)、夫妻不和或吵架者多(52.1％:38.9％,P<0.05)、服毒自杀者多(86.4％:76.2％,P<0.05)、患躯体疾病(13.3％:24.6％,P<0.05)和精神疾病(44.3％:70.6％,P<0.001)者少;(3)与女性组相比,男性自杀死亡者的主要特点是经济困难者多(54.0％:34.6％,P=0.001)、酒精滥用者多(18.3％:1.8％,P<0.001)、自杀后被发现的时间晚[(196±620)min:(55±95)min,P<0.001]、自杀者被发现时已死亡的比例高(52.4％:28.4％,P=0.001)。结论 农村青年女性与男性自杀死亡特征存在明显不同,应采取不同的干预措施。夫妻矛盾可能是农村青年女性比男性更为重要的自杀危险因素,而男性的经济困难、酒精滥用则比女性突出。

Objective To investigate characteristics of young male and female suicides in rural China as a first step in the development of relevant prevention strategies. Methods A self-compiled questionnaire for injury deaths was administered to 169 female and 126 male suicides of rural residents ( age range: 15-34 years) , sampled from 20 Disease Surveillance Points around the whole country. Results There were no significant differences in age, years of education, and history of prior suicide attempt between the two gender groups (all P >0. 05). However, in comparison with male victims, the female suicides had a higher family income [ RMB: (200±237) yuan vs. (148±170) yuan per month; P < 0.05 ] , higher mean score on Quality Of Life prior to the suicide [ (54±13) score vs. (50±12) score; P < 0. 01 ] , and were more likely to be married (80. 5% vs. 51. 6% ; P <0. 001) and to experience marital conflict (52. 1% vs. 38. 9% ; P <0. 05), less likely to have a diagnose of mental illness (44. 3% vs. 70. 6% ; P <0. 001) and somatic disease (13.3% vs. 24. 6% , P < 0. 05) , more likely to taking poison ( 86. 4% vs. 76. 2% ; P < 0.05). Male suicides were more likely to experience financial problems (54.0% vs. 34.6%; P=0.001), had higher rates of substance abuse (18. 3% vs. 1. 8% ; P <0. 001), had a longer time interval before the suicide discovered [ ( 196±620) min vs. (55±95)min; P <0. 001 ] , and were more likely to be dead at the time of discovery (52. 4% vs. 28.4% ; P = 0. 001). Conclusion The substantial differences between young male and female suicide victims in rural areas indicate the need to develop gender-specific intervention strategies in rural areas. Marital conflict is probably a more important risk factor in female suicides than in men, while economic difficulties and alcohol abuse is a more important risk factor in men.